What is the function of DHCP which uses ports 67 and 68?

The primary function of DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is to automate the process of IP address configuration for devices on a network. When a device connects to a network, it needs an IP address, subnet mask, gateway, and possibly other network configuration information to communicate effectively. DHCP simplifies this by automatically assigning a unique IP address and the necessary settings to each device from a predefined pool of addresses managed by a DHCP server.

When a device requests an IP address, it sends a DHCP Discover message on the network. The DHCP server responds with a DHCP Offer message, offering an IP address along with other configuration details. The device then communicates back to the server to request that offer, completing the process with an acknowledgment message. The use of ports 67 and 68 facilitates this communication, with port 67 being used by the DHCP server and port 68 by the client.

This automation streamlines network management by reducing the potential for configuration errors that can arise from manually assigning IP addresses and other settings, making it essential for modern networks where many devices connect dynamically.