What does a Hardware Security Module (HSM) primarily do?

A Hardware Security Module (HSM) is specialized hardware designed primarily to manage, generate, and store cryptographic keys securely. Its main function is to provide a secure environment for executing cryptographic operations, such as encryption, decryption, digital signing, and key management. HSMs protect sensitive key material from unauthorized access and tampering through physical and logical security features, making them essential in applications requiring high levels of security, including payment processing, secure communications, and identity management.

The other options do not align with the primary role of an HSM. High-speed internet access pertains to networking devices rather than a security module. Increasing system RAM relates to boosting the performance of a computer but does not involve cryptographic functions. Acting as a backup power source is typically a function associated with uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), and it does not relate to the core capabilities of a Hardware Security Module.